KUALA LUMPUR, Aug 3 — The Selangor government is aware of and has acknowledged that a water crisis will occur in the state, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya in 2014 despite having stressed that the supply of treated water is sufficient until 2019, according to the Energy, Green Technology and Water Ministry.
In a statement here, the ministry said that this was proven when the state government agreed to implement five of the eight mitigation projects costing RM301 million as proposed by the federal government.
“The Selangor government’s nod for the implementation of the projects shows that it acknowledges that a water crisis will occur in 2014 if no actions are taken to address it.
File photo of the Sungai Semenyih water treatment plant in Putrajaya. The Energy, Green Technology and Water Ministry says consumers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur face the risk of a future water crisis.
“This also shows that the Selangor government’s view that there is sufficient treated water supply until 2019 is merely a view which is not supported by facts,” the statement said.
The ministry said the federal government had already agreed to approve an allocation of RM606 million to implement the eight mitigation projects to avert a water crisis in the three areas after no action was taken by the Selangor government to ensure a sufficient supply of treated water from the water treatment plants in the state.
The statement issued by the ministry was also aimed at correcting certain remarks made by Selangor Mentri Besar Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim and state executive councillors on the water issue in Selangor.
“This correction is made because the remarks were inaccurate and have caused public confusion,” according to the ministry.
According to the National Water Services Commission (SPAN), the overall water supply in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya was still under control, but several areas were reported to have regular water disruptions.
“This is because the average water reserve rate currently stands at 2.5 per cent compared with the optimum level of 10 per cent.
“However, SPAN has been asked to identify the areas which face regular water disruptions and prepare contingency plans for these areas in case of water rationing, through discussions with Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor and the state government,” the ministry said.
According to the ministry, the construction of the Langat 2 water treatment plant was proposed to meet the demand for water in 2014 based on a study made in 2000.
The findings of the study proved to be true when SPAN also projected that the total water supply in the existing water supply system was not sufficient to meet demand in 2014.
“In fact, SPAN has also projected that the water supply from 34 water treatment plants in Selangor will only meet the demand for water until end of this year,” the ministry said in the statement.
Hence, the ministry said the Langat 2 water treatment plant must be built now to ensure that the consumers would not face water woes in the near future.
On Khalid’s claim that Syabas’ capacity of water distribution only stood at 4,371 million litres per day (MLD) compared to the capacity of water production in the 34 plants which stood at 4,807 MLD, the ministry said all of the water treatment plants were designed to produce treated water of 4,581 MLD.
“However, there are some constraints in the production system in several plants and the system only allows the distribution of 4,371 MLD of treated water.”
The ministry said the completion of the first and second phases of the mitigation projects, however, would be able to optimise water production to 4,581 MLD.
“In planning for efficient water supply system, the capacity to be considered is the capacity of water distribution, which is 4,371 MLD, because that is the amount of water that reaches consumers.
“If the design capacity of 4,581 MLD or production capacity of 4,807 MLD is applied, it will not reflect the actual amount of water available for distribution, and thus give the wrong impression about the current water reserves in the state,” the ministry said.
The use of a wrong fact in making plans for an efficient water supply system will cause consumers in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya to face the risk of a future water crisis, it added. — Bernama
source:
TMI
With regard to The RAPID project which will be started very soon, a petition cited under Standing Order Section 19 had been established to demand The Parliament to set up a poll for Pengerang residents in order for them to decide their own homeland’s future.
The campaign started on 31th March 2012 and ended on 8th April 2012. Within this period, a survey had been carried out simultaneously as a future step to understand what the local opinion towards the said project is.
The survey covered from Tanjung Pengilih to Sungai Musuh. According to the division of administrative area, 8 localities were affected by the project under Tanjung Surat State Seat. Due to insufficient human resources, one of the localities is located at the north bank of Sungai Lebam and was not covered by the survey team.
According to the 2008 Electoral Roll, Tanjung Surat has 16498 voters. The total voters under the above mentioned Electoral Roll 7 localities, is 8515. By assuming that there are 15% (14.85%) of unregistered voters and underaged residents, an estimated amount of affected residents is around 10,000 people, or approximately 2/3 of the total residents. 338 survey forms had been received. With the estimation of 3-5% error rate, hereby is the analysis report of the said survey.
Explanation338 persons had been involved in the survey. The racial composition of this total number of persons is 164 Malay (48.52%), 167 Chinese (49.41%) and 7 (2.07%) of the rest are from other races.
The Age distribution is as follows : 16 person under 21 y.o (4.73%), 120 person within 21 to 39 y.o.(35.50%), 67 person within 40 to 49 y.o.(19.82%), 63 person within 50 to 59 y.o. (18.64%), 72 person above 60 y.o. (21.30%).
There are 5 questions in the survey form and 4 of them are objective type questions.
First question asked whether the respondent realised a petrochemical project will be carried out in this area. 97.34% of respondents said they know about the project.
Second questionaskedif the respondent realise that the said project will bring destruction to the environment. 90.53% of them said YES and 0.3% said they have no comment.
Third question asked if the project will ruin the traditional country side livelihood, especially its effect on the fishermen. 92.01% said YES and 0.89% had no comment.
Fourth question asked the respondents to list out the benefits that will be brought about by the project for the residents. 73.96% of the respondents did not answer this question. 15.38% said the project will bring in jobs for local and 10.65% said they were observing the progress.
The fifth question asked if the respondents agreed that the project was a necessity. 75.15% of them did not agree. 23.37% said they agreed to the development and the rest of 1.48% said they had no comment.
AnalysisThe above statistics obviously shows that most of the Pengerang residents have negative views towards the project. In the fifth question, up to 75.15% of the respondents do not agree that it is a necessity to have the project located in Pengerang.
Although most of the respondents realized the impact of petrochemical industry towards the environment and traditional country life (question 2),
there are less than 1% of respondents mentioned the environmental issues in > question 4. Hence, the statistics reveals that local residents are more concerned with the economic interests that can be brought in or perhaps lack of knowledge of environmental pollution that may caused by the petrochemical industry.
While respondents were asked to list out the benefits (question 5), among them 73.15% of them left the space blank. 80% of them did not agree that it was a necessity to develop such a kind of project in Pengerang. 20% of others agreed.
Nevertheless, most of the respondents were not able to list out the reasons why they agreed or did not agree with the project.
The main reason may be caused by a lack of related information, especially while Federal Government announces the project of the Dialog-Vopak Deep Sea Terminal, most of the residents were not informed. Besides that, when UPEN Johor launched a seminar for the RAPID project early this year, attendants were not allowed to question. Information-blocking caused by the authorities had obstructed the option for the residents to raise their voice for their opinion.
It is something important to note that, under question 5, there are 33 fishermen who responded to the survey and 90.91% of them did not agree and 9.09% agreed.
Fishing activities will be the first to be affected in this project. These fishermen have been living here for more than 4 generations. Although the Fishing Department suggests those who will be affected by the project to move to the eastern side of Pengerang.
In fact, currently their catches has dropped within 50 to 70%. Fishermen who are considered as “outsider” to the local fishermen will increase the competitiveness and eventually cause the conflict between new comers and local fishermen.
Other than that, the Fishing Department and Fisherman Association since then have not yet offered an issue statement for the fishermen. This has caused discontent to the affected fishermen and eventually cause an incident whereby 578 fishermen filed a suit seeking compensation for land reclamation project connected with the project.
ConclusionIt is a necessity for the Federal Government and Johor State Government to face squarely to the opinion of Pengerang Residents. This survey which was conducted simultaneously during the petition campaign can be made as a good reference. In order to be prudent, the authorities should conduct a in-deep survey through an agency with good credibility. Besides that, the public should be allowed to question the authorities for clarification concerning their doubts.
MP Bakri
Er Teck Hwa
17.04.2012
There are a total of ten (10) different types of hornbills found in Malaysia, of which all can be found in the Belum-Temengor Forest Reserve. Reputed to possess high levels of biodiversity, Belum-Temengor is one of the last remaining frontiers that support sizable populations of large birds such as hornbills.
The Hornbill survey was incepted in February 2004, made possible with the support from a number of grants and foundations, namely, Rufford Small Grant, Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Asia Bird Fund, Leica-Forktail Award, British American Tobacco (Malaysia), Singapore Zoo and Sime Plantations Sdn Bhd. Although the hornbill survey focuses on the Plain-pouched Hornbill (Aceros subruficollis), other hornbill species are also noted of when observed during survey trips.
The Hornbill survey team which consists of Yeap Chin Aik, Lim Kim Chye, Ravinder Kaur and Lim Wee Siong periodically make trips into Belum-Temengor to look for the magnificient creatures, engaging the local indigenous community to be involved in the surveys.
Mass amounts of Plain-pouched Hornbills are usually noticed flying across the Belum-Temengor skyline between July and November every year. In fact, in August 2004, about 1,000 Plain-pouched Hornbills have been sighted on a single sighting.
It is hoped that the project will contribute towards understanding the ecology and biology of the globally threatened and near-threatened hornbills. Through this, it is hoped that the knowledge gained through the project will help to improve protection for the hornbills and its habitat.
MNS Hornbill Volunteer Programme 2012
MNS Hornbill Volunteer programme for 2012 is back and running for the 5th year!! MNS initiated the first Hornbill Volunteer Programme in 2008 to provide the public with an opportunity to support MNS’ conservation work in monitoring the Plain-pouched Hornbill (PPHB) movements.
Since its launch in 2008, a total of 191 volunteers have come forward to experience citizen science first hand. During the programme volunteers can help with conducting daily flight census and be part of the national conservation effort while aiding our staff and experienced members in collecting data.
Programme will begin on the 3rd of August 2012 and run till the 28th September 2012.
Haste no more! Join us in our effort to tell the world that the hornbills are prized assets for future generations. Slots are still available for you to fill up!! For further details on programme itinerary, costing and other related matters, click on the downloads below:
source:
MNS
Interest in forest plantations started in early 1920s when efforts were made to test both indigenous and exotic species in Sarawak. The forests plantation started the Engkabang group which are important producers of the illipenut where 19 ha were planted in the Semengoh Forest Reserve. Fruit trees like durian were also tested.
In 1965, Reforestation Research Programme was initiated to test the fast growing exotic tree species especially conifers. A total of 200 plots of various provenances of tropical conifers such as Pinus caribaea, P. insularis, Agathis macrophylla,Araucaria cunninghamii and A. hunsteinii were tested. The results were poor and the conclusion drawn was that the fast-growing tropical conifers were not suitable for Sarawak conditions.
Thus,in the early 1970s, as an alternative the Forestry Department began experimenting with some of the fast growing exotic tropical hardwoods like Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea and Paraserianthes falcataria. Species with somewhat longer rotations like Swietenia macrophylla, Durio zibethinus andShorea macrophylla were also added to the list. All these species were considered for reforestation of lands that underwent shifting cultivation.
By 1985, there was about 1,770 ha planted. The area planted in the next five years was double that in 1985. The pace increased and during the period from 1991 to 1995 about 7,500 ha were planted. As of late 1995, nearly 13,000 ha have been planted up with various timber species.
In September 1996, the Chief Minister stated that the state had reached its peak in producing timber from natural forests and needed to find better ways to sustain timber resources and that the State’s timber industry will be better off if it embarked on reforestation with fast growing species to supplement timber production.
The same year, the Forests Ordinance was amended to include section 65B in the Forests Ordinance,1958 (Cap 126)on the licence for establishment of planted forests. This was followed by the adoption of the
Forests (Planted Forests) Rules 1997 made under section 95(1)(w)and (x) providing the regulations and procedures in the establishment of planted forests.
In 1998, an International Conference was held in Kuching to get the experience of people who have developed planted forests elsewhere that can give an insight on how best it can be done in Sarawak. The government hopes that this would put the timber industry’s next move on a proper footing. In this conference, the government made it into a policy that it has tentatively set one million hectares as the target for the development of planted forest for the next 15 to 20 years.
Malaysia Red Crescent Society (MRCS) Selangor in collaboration with Selangor Forestry Department and Department of Environment Selangor recently organise Mangrove Tree Planting activity.
250 participant took part in the program held at Telok Gadong Forest Reserve, port Klang.
Image: Matt Collins
Just below the equator, on the island of Borneo, a tropical rain forest is rising out of a logged, charred wasteland. Dawn mists cling to the leaves of ginger and mango trees erupting out of a tangle of ferns, rattan and yam vines. A sparse canopy of white-barked acacias shelters them in filtered shade as the sun burns through the haze. From deep in the distance a tuneless chorus of gibbons booms over the clamor of cicadas, while a white-bellied sea eagle soars silently above.
For Willie Smits, this is a miracle in a moonscape. Emerging from what was a biological desert, it contradicts everything most forestry experts have long believed about rain forests. Smits has named it Samboja Lestari, “Everlasting Forest.” It gives hope to this ravaged landscape and the thousands of species that depend on it. Most important for Smits, the forest growing before his very eyes is the promise of a future for the world’s few surviving orangutans.
source: Scientific American
Five celebrities are baring it all in a Tiger Show to compete for the title of WWF-Malaysia’s Tx2 Tiger Ambassador. The Tx2 tiger conservation campaign was launched in February 2010 with the aim of doubling the number of wild tigers in Malaysia, and the world, by the next Year of Tiger (2022).
The Hunt, launched in conjunction with Earth Day and the Year of the Tiger, will see Aishah Sinclair, charming Jeremy Teo of RedFM, energetic Mooky of One Buck Short, Rina Omar and Sazzy Falak compete on
www.tx2.my for the title, but at the same time raise awareness on the dwindling number of Malayan tigers and threats to their existence.
Water pollution is caused by point and non-point sources. Point sources include sewage treatment plants, manufacturing and agro-based industries and animal farms. Non-point sources are defined as diffused sources such as agricultural activities and surface runoffs.
In 2006, the Department of Environment (DOE) registered 18,956 water pollution point sources comprising mainly sewage treatment plants (9,060 : 47.79% inclusive of 601 Network Pump Stations), manufacturing industries (8,543 : 45.07%), animal farms (869 : 4.58%) and agro-based industries (484 : 2.55%)
represents the distribution of industrial water pollution sources from agro-based and manufacturing industries compiled by the DOE in 2006 through field surveys and questionnaires. A total of 9,027 sources were identified with Selangor having the highest number of water pollution sources (1,850 : 20.49%), followed by Johor (1,774 : 19.65%).
According to statistics compiled by the Veterinary Department of Malaysia, the total standing pig population for 2006 was about 1.67 million, a decrease of 1.76 percent compared to 1.7 million in 2005. Correspondingly, the number of pig farms decreased to 869 farms compared to 898 in the previous year.
The number of sewage treatment plants under the management of Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK) had increased to 9,060 in 2006 compared to 8,782 plants in 2005. Selangor had the largest number of sewage treatment plants (2,563 : 28.3%), Perak (1,343 : 14.8%), Johor (1,010 : 11.1%) and Negeri Sembilan (928 : 10.2%) .
BOD POLLUTION LOAD
Domestic sewage discharge, in the form of treated sewage and partially treated sewage, remained the largest contributor of organic pollution load with an estimated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load of 883,391.08 kg/day. The estimated BOD loading contributed by other major sectors were agro-based and manufacturing industries (76,790.77 kg/day) and pig farming (213,215.00 kg/day). Table 6.1 indicates the total BOD load in kg/day discharged from sewage treatment plants throughout Malaysia in 2006.
Table 6.1 Malaysia: Total BOD Load (kg/day) from Sewage Treatment Plants
| State | No. of STP | Total PE | Flow
(m3/day)
|
BOD Load (kg/day)
|
| Selangor | 2,563 | 5,908,450 | 1,329,401 | 332,350.31 |
| Perak | 1,343 | 1,300,430 | 292,597 | 73,149.19 |
| Johor | 1010 | 1,198,417 | 269,644 | 67,410.96 |
| Negeri Sembilan | 928 | 931,458 | 209,578 | 52,394.51 |
| Kedah | 755 | 556,637 | 125,243 | 31,310.83 |
| Melaka | 725 | 570,192 | 128,293 | 32,073.30 |
| Pulau Pinang | 650 | 2,149,001 | 483,525 | 120,881.31 |
| Pahang | 486 | 314,830 | 70,837 | 17,709.19 |
| WP Kuala Lumpur | 299 | 2,571,877 | 578,672 | 144,668.08 |
| Terengganu | 224 | 75,184 | 16,916 | 4,229.10 |
| Perlis | 36 | 16,156 | 3,635 | 908.78 |
| WP Labuan | 32 | 39,265 | 8,835 | 2,208.66 |
| WP Putrajaya | 9 | 72,833 | 16,387 | 4,096.86 |
| Total | 9,060 | 15,704,730 | 3,533,563 | 883,391.08 |
Source: IWK Sdn. Bhd.
Note :
STP = Sewage Treatment Plant
PE = Population Equivalent
source: Department of Environment, Malaysia
MIRI: The World Indigenous People’s Day (WIPD) celebration started this year with the focus on addressing challenges faced by indigenous people and conveying their needs through the media.
The theme of the celebration is ‘Indigenous Media, Empowering Indigenous Voices’.
“The United Nations (UN) understands the challenges faced by the indigenous people,” said Kuala Lumpur-based Unicef deputy representative Dr Victor P Karunan who officiated at the launching of the WIPD celebration at Taman Tunku Community Centre here yesterday.
Victor explained the challenges including the indigenous peoples’ desire to preserve their languages, cultures, and lands, as well as the need to convey their concerns and demands to the government through the media.
“They were not given enough access to mainstream media – therefore there’s a need to develop new media like the social media to help them,” said Victor, who also conveyed a message from the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon on this year’s celebration.
Ban’s message tells of new and powerful tools from community radio and television, video and newspapers, to the Internet and social media being used to challenge mainstream media in drawing attention to human rights violations, forging global solidarity, and developing their own media to reflect their own values, and fighting against myths and misconceptions.
Ban also pledged full support from the UN in working with indigenous peoples and their media, to promote full implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Undrip) adopted five years ago.
The aim is to create bridges and establish a truly intercultural world where diversity is celebrated in a world, where different cultures not only coexist but also value each other for their contribution and potential.
“Every country should celebrate the uniqueness of its indigenous people,” he added.
Meanwhile, the Pan-Malaysia Indigenous Peoples’ Network (JOAS) president Thomas Jalong presented a souvenir to Victor after the opening ceremony, and together with JOAS Secretariat director Adrian Lasimbang, accompanied Victor to explore the exhibits and local handicrafts.
source: The Borneo Post
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blockquote
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vitae est lectus, ullamcorper lobortis urna. Nulla facilisi. Fusce luctus sodales condimentum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean sollicitudin ligula non dolor accumsan id interdum libero imperdiet. Nullam nec magna dui. Morbi at lacus elit. Ut non nibh purus, id varius nisi. Fusce interdum aliquet magna, id gravida eros viverra quis. Nulla facilisi. Aenean sapien lacus, egestas vitae scelerisque a, ullamcorper interdum velit. Aenean arcu nunc, facilisis vitae commodo ut, dictum vel nibh.
Nam luctus risus in ante posuere accumsan. Vivamus fringilla facilisis nunc, ac vestibulum orci ultricies sit amet. Morbi placerat porta ligula, ac tristique sapien suscipit ut. Quisque cursus massa augue, a tincidunt lacus. Sed tincidunt vestibulum mi, a dictum justo lacinia pulvinar. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Ut at purus mi. Nulla convallis magna eu neque pellentesque faucibus quis nec neque. In non dolor est. Nullam egestas auctor pretium. Duis urna est, tempor et accumsan vitae, placerat ut arcu. Integer ultricies porta ante at consequat. Praesent quis metus erat. Vivamus condimentum accumsan sem, ac sagittis lectus placerat sit amet. Cras nunc arcu, vehicula id eleifend quis, imperdiet eu risus.
Mauris adipiscing arcu justo. Vivamus in purus ac lectus mollis ullamcorper ut ac turpis. Proin adipiscing aliquam eros vitae tempor. Cras nisi nisl, porta eget ullamcorper in, malesuada et justo. Etiam ut nunc eu nibh sodales laoreet dapibus at nisl. Integer interdum ipsum a ante tristique id luctus sapien dictum. Proin non ante nunc. Integer vulputate, nulla eget tempor rutrum, metus mi vestibulum justo, in luctus mi est sed sem. Maecenas et arcu nibh. Praesent viverra lacinia libero, quis porttitor erat porta eget. Etiam vitae suscipit turpis.
Suspendisse non mauris felis. Donec molestie porta neque faucibus consectetur. Phasellus quis scelerisque est. Mauris rutrum ante placerat nulla placerat id consequat lectus ultricies. Vestibulum bibendum adipiscing aliquam. Pellentesque iaculis mi nec tellus semper porttitor imperdiet massa varius. Suspendisse malesuada, magna porta placerat tempus, eros nulla convallis enim, vel mattis dui nunc sit amet velit. Curabitur id sollicitudin sem. Sed pretium urna nisi.
Nulla facilisi. Aenean diam risus, molestie sit amet molestie ut, convallis ut risus. Vivamus facilisis massa vitae mi aliquet vitae eleifend tortor ullamcorper. Aenean lobortis eros eget erat placerat dignissim. Nulla sollicitudin enim sed libero dignissim vitae semper velit rhoncus. Ut volutpat vestibulum dapibus. Duis commodo tincidunt vestibulum. Suspendisse pulvinar porttitor dictum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vitae est lectus, ullamcorper lobortis urna. Nulla facilisi. Fusce luctus sodales condimentum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean sollicitudin ligula non dolor accumsan id interdum libero imperdiet. Nullam nec magna dui. Morbi at lacus elit. Ut non nibh purus, id varius nisi. Fusce interdum aliquet magna, id gravida eros viverra quis. Nulla facilisi. Aenean sapien lacus, egestas vitae scelerisque a, ullamcorper interdum velit. Aenean arcu nunc, facilisis vitae commodo ut, dictum vel nibh.
Nam luctus risus in ante posuere accumsan. Vivamus fringilla facilisis nunc, ac vestibulum orci ultricies sit amet. Morbi placerat porta ligula, ac tristique sapien suscipit ut. Quisque cursus massa augue, a tincidunt lacus. Sed tincidunt vestibulum mi, a dictum justo lacinia pulvinar. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Ut at purus mi. Nulla convallis magna eu neque pellentesque faucibus quis nec neque. In non dolor est. Nullam egestas auctor pretium. Duis urna est, tempor et accumsan vitae, placerat ut arcu. Integer ultricies porta ante at consequat. Praesent quis metus erat. Vivamus condimentum accumsan sem, ac sagittis lectus placerat sit amet. Cras nunc arcu, vehicula id eleifend quis, imperdiet eu risus.
Mauris adipiscing arcu justo. Vivamus in purus ac lectus mollis ullamcorper ut ac turpis. Proin adipiscing aliquam eros vitae tempor. Cras nisi nisl, porta eget ullamcorper in, malesuada et justo. Etiam ut nunc eu nibh sodales laoreet dapibus at nisl. Integer interdum ipsum a ante tristique id luctus sapien dictum. Proin non ante nunc. Integer vulputate, nulla eget tempor rutrum, metus mi vestibulum justo, in luctus mi est sed sem. Maecenas et arcu nibh. Praesent viverra lacinia libero, quis porttitor erat porta eget. Etiam vitae suscipit turpis.
Suspendisse non mauris felis. Donec molestie porta neque faucibus consectetur. Phasellus quis scelerisque est. Mauris rutrum ante placerat nulla placerat id consequat lectus ultricies. Vestibulum bibendum adipiscing aliquam. Pellentesque iaculis mi nec tellus semper porttitor imperdiet massa varius. Suspendisse malesuada, magna porta placerat tempus, eros nulla convallis enim, vel mattis dui nunc sit amet velit. Curabitur id sollicitudin sem. Sed pretium urna nisi.
Nulla facilisi. Aenean diam risus, molestie sit amet molestie ut, convallis ut risus. Vivamus facilisis massa vitae mi aliquet vitae eleifend tortor ullamcorper. Aenean lobortis eros eget erat placerat dignissim. Nulla sollicitudin enim sed libero dignissim vitae semper velit rhoncus. Ut volutpat vestibulum dapibus. Duis commodo tincidunt vestibulum. Suspendisse pulvinar porttitor dictum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vitae est lectus, ullamcorper lobortis urna. Nulla facilisi. Fusce luctus sodales condimentum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean sollicitudin ligula non dolor accumsan id interdum libero imperdiet. Nullam nec magna dui. Morbi at lacus elit. Ut non nibh purus, id varius nisi. Fusce interdum aliquet magna, id gravida eros viverra quis. Nulla facilisi. Aenean sapien lacus, egestas vitae scelerisque a, ullamcorper interdum velit. Aenean arcu nunc, facilisis vitae commodo ut, dictum vel nibh.
Nam luctus risus in ante posuere accumsan. Vivamus fringilla facilisis nunc, ac vestibulum orci ultricies sit amet. Morbi placerat porta ligula, ac tristique sapien suscipit ut. Quisque cursus massa augue, a tincidunt lacus. Sed tincidunt vestibulum mi, a dictum justo lacinia pulvinar. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Ut at purus mi. Nulla convallis magna eu neque pellentesque faucibus quis nec neque. In non dolor est. Nullam egestas auctor pretium. Duis urna est, tempor et accumsan vitae, placerat ut arcu. Integer ultricies porta ante at consequat. Praesent quis metus erat. Vivamus condimentum accumsan sem, ac sagittis lectus placerat sit amet. Cras nunc arcu, vehicula id eleifend quis, imperdiet eu risus.
Mauris adipiscing arcu justo. Vivamus in purus ac lectus mollis ullamcorper ut ac turpis. Proin adipiscing aliquam eros vitae tempor. Cras nisi nisl, porta eget ullamcorper in, malesuada et justo. Etiam ut nunc eu nibh sodales laoreet dapibus at nisl. Integer interdum ipsum a ante tristique id luctus sapien dictum. Proin non ante nunc. Integer vulputate, nulla eget tempor rutrum, metus mi vestibulum justo, in luctus mi est sed sem. Maecenas et arcu nibh. Praesent viverra lacinia libero, quis porttitor erat porta eget. Etiam vitae suscipit turpis.
Suspendisse non mauris felis. Donec molestie porta neque faucibus consectetur. Phasellus quis scelerisque est. Mauris rutrum ante placerat nulla placerat id consequat lectus ultricies. Vestibulum bibendum adipiscing aliquam. Pellentesque iaculis mi nec tellus semper porttitor imperdiet massa varius. Suspendisse malesuada, magna porta placerat tempus, eros nulla convallis enim, vel mattis dui nunc sit amet velit. Curabitur id sollicitudin sem. Sed pretium urna nisi.
Nulla facilisi. Aenean diam risus, molestie sit amet molestie ut, convallis ut risus. Vivamus facilisis massa vitae mi aliquet vitae eleifend tortor ullamcorper. Aenean lobortis eros eget erat placerat dignissim. Nulla sollicitudin enim sed libero dignissim vitae semper velit rhoncus. Ut volutpat vestibulum dapibus. Duis commodo tincidunt vestibulum. Suspendisse pulvinar porttitor dictum.
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| Ilustrasi |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vitae est lectus, ullamcorper lobortis urna. Nulla facilisi. Fusce luctus sodales condimentum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean sollicitudin ligula non dolor accumsan id interdum libero imperdiet. Nullam nec magna dui. Morbi at lacus elit. Ut non nibh purus, id varius nisi. Fusce interdum aliquet magna, id gravida eros viverra quis. Nulla facilisi. Aenean sapien lacus, egestas vitae scelerisque a, ullamcorper interdum velit. Aenean arcu nunc, facilisis vitae commodo ut, dictum vel nibh.
Nam luctus risus in ante posuere accumsan. Vivamus fringilla facilisis nunc, ac vestibulum orci ultricies sit amet. Morbi placerat porta ligula, ac tristique sapien suscipit ut. Quisque cursus massa augue, a tincidunt lacus. Sed tincidunt vestibulum mi, a dictum justo lacinia pulvinar. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Ut at purus mi. Nulla convallis magna eu neque pellentesque faucibus quis nec neque. In non dolor est. Nullam egestas auctor pretium. Duis urna est, tempor et accumsan vitae, placerat ut arcu. Integer ultricies porta ante at consequat. Praesent quis metus erat. Vivamus condimentum accumsan sem, ac sagittis lectus placerat sit amet. Cras nunc arcu, vehicula id eleifend quis, imperdiet eu risus.
Mauris adipiscing arcu justo. Vivamus in purus ac lectus mollis ullamcorper ut ac turpis. Proin adipiscing aliquam eros vitae tempor. Cras nisi nisl, porta eget ullamcorper in, malesuada et justo. Etiam ut nunc eu nibh sodales laoreet dapibus at nisl. Integer interdum ipsum a ante tristique id luctus sapien dictum. Proin non ante nunc. Integer vulputate, nulla eget tempor rutrum, metus mi vestibulum justo, in luctus mi est sed sem. Maecenas et arcu nibh. Praesent viverra lacinia libero, quis porttitor erat porta eget. Etiam vitae suscipit turpis.
Suspendisse non mauris felis. Donec molestie porta neque faucibus consectetur. Phasellus quis scelerisque est. Mauris rutrum ante placerat nulla placerat id consequat lectus ultricies. Vestibulum bibendum adipiscing aliquam. Pellentesque iaculis mi nec tellus semper porttitor imperdiet massa varius. Suspendisse malesuada, magna porta placerat tempus, eros nulla convallis enim, vel mattis dui nunc sit amet velit. Curabitur id sollicitudin sem. Sed pretium urna nisi.
Nulla facilisi. Aenean diam risus, molestie sit amet molestie ut, convallis ut risus. Vivamus facilisis massa vitae mi aliquet vitae eleifend tortor ullamcorper. Aenean lobortis eros eget erat placerat dignissim. Nulla sollicitudin enim sed libero dignissim vitae semper velit rhoncus. Ut volutpat vestibulum dapibus. Duis commodo tincidunt vestibulum. Suspendisse pulvinar porttitor dictum.
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| Ilustrasi |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus vitae est lectus, ullamcorper lobortis urna. Nulla facilisi. Fusce luctus sodales condimentum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Aenean sollicitudin ligula non dolor accumsan id interdum libero imperdiet. Nullam nec magna dui. Morbi at lacus elit. Ut non nibh purus, id varius nisi. Fusce interdum aliquet magna, id gravida eros viverra quis. Nulla facilisi. Aenean sapien lacus, egestas vitae scelerisque a, ullamcorper interdum velit. Aenean arcu nunc, facilisis vitae commodo ut, dictum vel nibh.
Nam luctus risus in ante posuere accumsan. Vivamus fringilla facilisis nunc, ac vestibulum orci ultricies sit amet. Morbi placerat porta ligula, ac tristique sapien suscipit ut. Quisque cursus massa augue, a tincidunt lacus. Sed tincidunt vestibulum mi, a dictum justo lacinia pulvinar. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Ut at purus mi. Nulla convallis magna eu neque pellentesque faucibus quis nec neque. In non dolor est. Nullam egestas auctor pretium. Duis urna est, tempor et accumsan vitae, placerat ut arcu. Integer ultricies porta ante at consequat. Praesent quis metus erat. Vivamus condimentum accumsan sem, ac sagittis lectus placerat sit amet. Cras nunc arcu, vehicula id eleifend quis, imperdiet eu risus.
Mauris adipiscing arcu justo. Vivamus in purus ac lectus mollis ullamcorper ut ac turpis. Proin adipiscing aliquam eros vitae tempor. Cras nisi nisl, porta eget ullamcorper in, malesuada et justo. Etiam ut nunc eu nibh sodales laoreet dapibus at nisl. Integer interdum ipsum a ante tristique id luctus sapien dictum. Proin non ante nunc. Integer vulputate, nulla eget tempor rutrum, metus mi vestibulum justo, in luctus mi est sed sem. Maecenas et arcu nibh. Praesent viverra lacinia libero, quis porttitor erat porta eget. Etiam vitae suscipit turpis.
Suspendisse non mauris felis. Donec molestie porta neque faucibus consectetur. Phasellus quis scelerisque est. Mauris rutrum ante placerat nulla placerat id consequat lectus ultricies. Vestibulum bibendum adipiscing aliquam. Pellentesque iaculis mi nec tellus semper porttitor imperdiet massa varius. Suspendisse malesuada, magna porta placerat tempus, eros nulla convallis enim, vel mattis dui nunc sit amet velit. Curabitur id sollicitudin sem. Sed pretium urna nisi.
Nulla facilisi. Aenean diam risus, molestie sit amet molestie ut, convallis ut risus. Vivamus facilisis massa vitae mi aliquet vitae eleifend tortor ullamcorper. Aenean lobortis eros eget erat placerat dignissim. Nulla sollicitudin enim sed libero dignissim vitae semper velit rhoncus. Ut volutpat vestibulum dapibus. Duis commodo tincidunt vestibulum. Suspendisse pulvinar porttitor dictum.
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